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Infected femoral nail removal and debridement with Synthes Reamer Irrigator Aspirator (RIA) surgical technique

Overview

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Fracture related infection (FRI) has a spectrum of presentations ranging from early and obvious infection after fracture fixation to delayed presentations with infected non-union of fractures.   Its incidence is reported as being between 1-30% of fractures and is more common following open injuries.  FRI has various potential aspects to its presentation and management, including bone infection, soft tissue injury, fractures in varying states of healing and metalwork with biofilm.  There is currently a lack of high quality evidence to guide practice in this area and there have been a number of recent consensus papers and a BOAST guideline in an attempt to define best practice.

Diagnostic criteria considered to confirm FRI include a  sinus, fistula or wound breakdown over bone or implant, purulent discharge or pus found during surgery, phenotypically indistinguishable pathogens from 2 deep samples or histopathological staining for bacteria or fungi.   Criteria suggestive of FRI include clinical signs of local inflammation (pain, swelling, redness, temperature), radiological signs (lysis, implant loosening, sequestration, periosteal bone formation), elevated blood markers (WBC, CRP, ESR) or a pathogenic organism grown from a single deep tissue sample.

RIA is made by Synthes, as the name suggests it simultaneously reams, aspirates and irrigates the intramedullary canal as it is passed.

It can be used simply to harvest autologous bone graft for reconstruction cases however it also allows simultaneous reaming of infected material with irrigation as the reamer passes and collection of the reamings to remove and sample infected tissues in infected cases.  RIA is not routinely used for primary nailing of fractures as there is an advantage to autografting the fracture site with reamings rather than removing them.

 

Author: Paul Fenton FRCS (Tr & Orth)

Institution: The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham UK.

Surgical Steps

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  • You simply “drag & drop” the boxes containing the descriptions of the steps into the order you think fits and submit for marking.
  • If you get it correct first time you will be presented your certificate at the end of the quiz.
  • If you need to do more work on the steps you access your marked version by clicking the“re-sit the quiz” button.
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  • The red steps move differently after your initial attempt and swap locations with the step they are dragged and dropped onto .
  • Finally resubmit the quiz once again.
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  • The correct green steps are fixed and won’t move.
  • The red steps move differently after your initial attempt and swap locations with the step they are dragged and dropped onto .
  • Finally resubmit the quiz once again.
  • The quiz will let you keep going until you get all the steps in the right order.

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