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Once the posterior fragment plate is seated adequately the posteromedial fragment is addressed.
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The first screw inserted (A) is a cortical screw and should engage both cortices.
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The plate is positioned and held with k-wires and the position is checked on AP and lateral imaging.
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The posterior wound is closed in layers.
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The LISS plate is also being used in a buttress mode to fix the lateral column.
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An approach to the lateral column is then performed as the final step.
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As the first LISS plate proximal screw is tightened the plate sits onto the bone and fracture reduction is completed.
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To facilitate fracture reduction skeletal traction should be placed across the joint using Denham pins, the femoral pin is placed first, with insertion from medial to lateral
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The patent is now turned supine (via transfer onto his bed).
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For the anterior exposure the fascia is divided longitudinally and then the tibialis anterior (1.) is elevated from the proximal tibia.
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Final check images are taken in theatre to confirm reduction and no hardware prominence.
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On the lateral side external fixator clamps and rods are used to distract the joint using standard Hoffman clamps and bars which can attach directly to the Denham pin.
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The proximal tibial LISS plate is inserted by sliding it beneath the tibialis anterior, where it is held with a large pointed reduction clamp.
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A screw-in drill guide (1.) has been inserted into the proximal end of the plate to help with plate insertion.
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The posterior fragment is addressed first. The apex is cleared of haematoma and then provisionally reduced with k-wires.
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Finally fixation of the posterior locking plate is completed with cortical screws, again these are bi-cortical distally and uni-cortical proximally.
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The first screw is positioned distal to the apex of the fracture in the locking plate, this is a cortical screw which engages two cortices.
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The gastrocnemius is retracted laterally and the popliteus muscle (1.) is elevated to expose the posterior tibia and the fracture (2.).
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As the screw is tightened(A) the plate is seen to buttress the fracture fragment and complete the reduction.
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The skin incision involves a horizontal limb along the flexor crease (1.) and a vertical limb along the medial border of the gastrocnemius (2).
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Once the joint has been distracted room is been created to allow reduction of the articular fragments.
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Further fixation of the proximal segment with the LISS plate is completed, using locking screws if required(1.).
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The medial edge of the gastrocnemius (1.) is mobilised exposing the knee capsule proximally and the popliteus muscle over the proximal tibia.
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Once the locking plate is seated with 2-3 further bi-cortical screws distally the proximal segment is fixed.
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As before the fracture is provisionally reduced and held with k-wires. A second plate is then used to buttress this in place (1.).
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A 3.5mm small fragment T-plate is positioned over the posterior fragment, and its position checked radiographically.
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Fixation of the posterior column is performed first for which the patient is positioned in the prone position with the whole leg exposed.
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In the mid-line between the gastrocnemius muscle bellies the sural nerve and short saphenous vein, which lie deep to the fascia between the head of gastrocnemius, can be identified and should be protected throughout.
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Fracture reduction and fixation takes place with the knee in extension.
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Distally screws are inserted percutaneously, using locking or cortical screws.
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The posteromedial plate used here is anatomically contoured with locking screws in the proximal portion.
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The jig can be attached to the plate as shown.
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The second pin is placed in the proximal tibia, this is passed from lateral to medial to avoid injury to the peroneal nerve.
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The LISS plate position in confirmed on AP imaging as well as lateral, proximally and distally.